Traduction automatique du langage juridique : analyse des erreurs dans un corpus de décrets italo-allemand
Mots-clés :
évaluation de la traduction automatique, langage juridique, terminologie juridique, biais de genreRésumé
Cet article analyse les catégories d’erreurs les plus fréquentes dans un corpus bidirectionnel de décrets traduits automatiquement dans la combinaison linguistique italien-allemand du Tyrol du Sud. L’objectif est d’évaluer les problèmes de traduction lors de l’utilisation d’un système optimisé de traduction automatique (TA) pour produire des textes juridiques dans une province italienne où l'allemand est une langue minoritaire officiellement reconnue, la langue juridique locale étant différente de celle utilisée dans d’autres systèmes juridiques germanophones. Notre système optimisé de traduction automatique se retrouve en difficulté face à des caractéristiques typiques du discours juridique, dont la phraséologie juridique, la terminologie juridique (en particulier la terminologie locale spécifique du Tyrol du Sud) et le langage inclusif. Ce dernier point est une exigence de la législation locale. Les erreurs identifiées mettent en lumière la nécessité d’alimenter les systèmes de traduction automatique en informations terminologiques, notamment pour les variétés de langues à faibles ressources, tel que l’allemand du Tyrol du Sud. Nous considérons nos résultats comme des acquis essentiels pour la formation des post-rédacteurs, des traducteurs professionnels ainsi que des traducteurs non professionnels travaillant dans des administrations publiques multilingues.
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