TERMINOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF REASONING: TOWARDS THE GENERAL THEORY OF EVOLUTION OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE

Résumé

First paragraph: Beginning with the end of the 1980s a new approach to the study of relations between language and knowledge appeared in Russia, which quite soon became one of the leading directions in the study of language and was called cognitive linguistics. This reflects the general growth of the interest in the problem of discovering the main principles of thinking and knowledge organisation which results in revealing new aspects of this problem and an increase in the number of corresponding sciences, beginning with the traditional philosophical disciplines – gnoseology and epistemology, traditional logic, followed by later disciplines, such as semiotics, anthropology and history of science and technology, science of science, artificial intelligence, heuristics, creative logic (a new trend formed with the aim of overcoming the limitations of the classical formal logic), age psychology, pedagogical psychology (because learning can be viewed as the specific process of knowledge growth) and end-ing with the latest  comers – cognitive psychology, national psychology and culture studies (though there are reasons to suspect that this list is incomplete).